Did the El Draque Cocktail Change Naval History and the History of England

In 1586, the vast fleet of Sir Francis Drake indifferent lots of Spanish proceeds and wreaked damage. One more attack was planned ( a ' Spanish ' town called Havana ) later which the fleet would return to England. However there was an epidemic on - board the ships and the male were in no fit constitution for molecule fighting and the fleet went into hiding on the June 4th. It was avowed that medicines based on aquardiente de cana could be used for dysentery and Richard Drake therefore made a medicine using aguardiente de cana, mint, limes and sugarcane extract to help it more appetizing. In South America, mint is recognized as hierbabuena, literally, good herb. A search on the internet finds that when the bark of the chuchuhuasi tree is soaked in aguardiente ( sometimes spelt aquardiente ), its properties number among being an resisting dysenteric ( for treating dysentery ), digestive yen and febrifuge ( used to treat fever ).

Scurvy is a vitamin C want, and would have been cured by drinking lime juice. In the 1700 ' s English sailors were called limeys, because of the use of limes in their rations. Proof that this medicinal mix ( later called El Draque ) worked is that it was taken during cholera epidemics. In one of the worst cholera epidemics to affect Havana ' s population, Ramon de Paula says: " Every day at eleven in the morning, I consume a little Draque made from aquardiente and I am doing very well. This medicinal mix was administered to the sailors of Drakes fleet using a large wooden spoon with a cocks tail handle. This is thought to be where the name El Draque cocktail came from. The cure worked, the fleet raided one last place, St Augustine ' s watchtower and then returned home.

What would have happened if this remedy had not worked? If the epidemic had not been stopped it would have killed many of the sailors on the ships. During the American Civil War, dysentery caused more deaths of Union soldiers than the Confederacy did.

Scurvy is a vitamin C deficiency and would have been cured by drinking lime juice. In the 17th century limes and a tot of rum were regular rations for the British Navy, which is why sailors were called Limeys. On a long voyage, scurvy was a killer. Magellan, for example, lost eighty percent of the sailors on his Pacific voyage, survivors described how they had to keep slicing the swollen tissue away off their gums in order to be able to chew their rations. Descriptions of scurvy - afflicted explorers are absolutely awful. A French translation written in 1613 says " There developed in the mouths of those who had it, large pieces of excess fungus flesh which caused a great rot. Their teeth barely held in place, and could be removed with the fingers without causing pain. Later, severe pain developed in the legs and arms, which became very hard, swollen and covered with spots like fleabites. Consequently, they had almost no strength and suffered unbearable pain. They also had severe cramps in the stomach, loins and bowels, as well as with a very bad cough and shortness of breath. Unfortunately, we could find no remedy with which to cure these symptoms ". ( Samuel de Champlain, 1613 ) From vol. 1 of Champlain Society ' s 1971 ed., of Champlain ' s 1613 ed., Voyages du Sieur de Champlain

Conclusion: Had the epidemic not been stopped, then possibly the fleet would have had to come out of hiding in weakened condition, and might never have been able to make. There are a number of scenarios all of which would have caused the loss of the fleet. This would have led to the subsequent success of the Spanish Armada two years later, and the fall on England to the Spanish. The authentic Drakes cocktail ( El Draque ) can still be found in a ' bar battersea ' called the SugarCane, near the site of the old Tudor shipbuilding yard by the River Thames.

A former University lecturer and technical writer for over 20 years. A place that has the El Draque cocktail is The SugarCane bar in Clapham Junction

The Ica Stones Controversy Evidence That Could Change World History

The Ica stones are a collection ofstones allegedly discovered in a pothole near Ica, Peru. These stones of sundry sizes have been etched with excellent scenes. The stones depict ajar - emotions surgery, brain transplants, cesarean sections, telescopes, ancient maps, flying machines, outworn animals and masculinity with dinosaurs. Some claim the Ica Stones are an ancient library rejected by a adrift culture. Others say they are a hoax. These andesite stones call into interrogation even-handed about body science has taught us about the origin of the human contest.

Dr. Javier Cabrera

The delayed Peruvian doctor Javier Cabrera popularized the stones close he recognized one as a gift for his birthday in 1961. He unfastened the Museo de Piedras Grabadas ( Engraved Stones Museum ) at the Plaza de Armas in Ica which displays his collection of some 15, 000 stones. Cabrera ' s theory is that the stones depict the first Peruvian culture as an alien chase that came to earth during the dinosaurs existence and consequently genetically engineered modern man.

Cabrera claimed that a farmer found the stones in a den. The farmer was arrested for selling the stones to tourists, but was sequential released on his testimony that he had faked the stones. According to Cabrera, the farmer was corresponding 20 years in prison if the stones were real so he changed his story to regain his freedom.

Cabrera also claimed that the locals had unearthed about 50, 000 stones and that they showed him a tunnel where there are another 100, 000.

Rocks cannot be carbon dated and no one has ever seen the cave, or the resulting strata, where the stones were found. A number of experts estimate the stones as being 1, 500 and 12, 000 years old. Cabrera placed them between 60, 000, 000 BC and 13, 000, 000 BC, although the difference between their occurrence in each period is not clarified. Others say that all of the stones have been falsified.

Fake or Real?

Some of the stones have been proven to be made by locals of the area to sell to tourists. Since Cabrera ' s stones come from a cave which has never been identified, the stones cant be carbon dated, which adds clout to the possibility that the stones are fakes.

In 1998, after four years of investigation, Spanish investigator Vicente Paris declared that the evidence indicates the stones are a hoax. Among the evidence presented were microphotographs of the stones showing traces of modern paints and abrasives. Other evidence of fraud is the crispness of the shallow engravings; stones of great age should have substantial erosion of the surfaces. Perhaps the strongest argument in favor of the skeptics is that the stones contradict just about everything we think we know about evolution.

Yet there is myth and strong evidence in favor of the stones authenticity. Inca myth speaks of a civilization of giants that created the stones as an historical record. Inca myths of giants parallel the Bibles story of a race of giants called the Nephilim, whom may have arrived from another planet.

Some engraved stones are said to have been brought back to Spain in the 16th century. Microscopic analysis of several Ica Stones has provided conclusive evidence that they are not modern forgeries.

There are far too many stones for a single farmer, or even a group of hoaxers, to have carved. Not only would it take a large group of people and an enormous amount of time to carve the stones, but they would also need to have intimate knowledge of extinct species of fish, dinosaur anatomy, ancient maps and geography, astronomy, complex surgery, blood transfusion and many other complicated topics.

Believers in the stones claim that evolution is a flawed theory, and they point out that its just that - a theory, not fact. Besides, only one single stone needs to be authentic to prove that an unknown, ancient civilization did exist in the Ica region of Peru.

Most scientists have turned a blind eye to the Ica Stones, unwilling to face historical controversy. Some of the stones have been faked, yet evidence points to the possibility that thousands of the stones are authentic. Whether real or fraud, their safety is important if further, modern analysis of the Ica Stones are to take place. If someday any of the Ica Stones are proven to be authentic, they would be one of the most important archaeological discoveries of all time.

The Ica Stones Controversy - Evidence That Could Change World History

The Ica stones are a collection of stones allegedly discovered in a cellar near Ica, Peru. These stones of separate sizes have been etched with incredible scenes. The stones depict unbolted - heart surgery, brain transplants, cesarean sections, telescopes, ancient maps, flying machines, obsolete animals and masculinity with dinosaurs. Some claim the Ica Stones are an ancient library estranged by a obscured culture. Others say they are a hoax. These andesite stones call into problem reliable about part science has taught us about the origin of the human competition.

Dr. Javier Cabrera

The behind Peruvian doctor Javier Cabrera popularized the stones close he certified one as a gift for his birthday in 1961. He unbarred the Museo de Piedras Grabadas ( Engraved Stones Museum ) at the Plaza de Armas in Ica which displays his collection of some 15, 000 stones. Cabrera ' s theory is that the stones depict the first Peruvian culture as an stranger contest that came to earth during the dinosaur ' s existence and therefrom genetically engineered modern man.

Cabrera claimed that a farmer fix the stones in a pothole. The farmer was arrested for selling the stones to tourists, but was subsequent released on his testimony that he had faked the stones. According to Cabrera, the farmer was contrasted 20 years in prison if the stones were present so he changed his story to regain his freedom.

Cabrera also claimed that the locals had unearthed about 50, 000 stones and that they showed him a tunnel where there are another 100, 000.

Rocks cannot be carbon dated and no one has ever seen the cave, or the resulting strata, where the stones were found. A number of experts estimate the stones as being 1, 500 and 12, 000 years old. Cabrera placed them between 60, 000, 000 BC and 13, 000, 000 BC, although the difference between their occurrence in each period is not clarified. Others say that all of the stones have been falsified.

Fake or Real?

Some of the stones have been proven to be made by locals of the area to sell to tourists. Since Cabrera ' s stones come from a cave which has never been identified, the stones can ' t be carbon dated, which adds clout to the possibility that the stones are fakes.

In 1998, after four years of investigation, Spanish investigator Vicente Paris declared that the evidence indicates the stones are a hoax. Among the evidence presented were microphotographs of the stones showing traces of modern paints and abrasives. Other evidence of fraud is the crispness of the shallow engravings; stones of great age should have substantial erosion of the surfaces. Perhaps the strongest argument in favor of the skeptics is that the stones contradict just about everything we think we know about evolution.

Yet there is myth and strong evidence in favor of the stones ' authenticity. Inca myth speaks of a civilization of giants that created the stones as an historical record. Inca myths of giants parallel the Bible ' s story of a race of giants called the Nephilim, whom may have arrived from another planet.

Some engraved stones are said to have been brought back to Spain in the 16th century. Microscopic analysis of several Ica Stones has provided conclusive evidence that they are not modern forgeries.

There are far too many stones for a single farmer, or even a group of hoaxers, to have carved. Not only would it take a large group of people and an enormous amount of time to carve the stones, but they would also need to have intimate knowledge of extinct species of fish, dinosaur anatomy, ancient maps and geography, astronomy, complex surgery, blood transfusion and many other complicated topics.

Believers in the stones claim that evolution is a flawed theory, and they point out that it ' s just that - a theory, not fact. Besides, only one single stone needs to be authentic to prove that an unknown, ancient civilization did exist in the Ica region of Peru.

Most scientists have turned a blind eye to the Ica Stones, unwilling to face historical controversy. Some of the stones have been faked, yet evidence points to the possibility that thousands of the stones are authentic. Whether real or fraud, their safety is important if further, modern analysis of the Ica Stones are to take place. If someday any of the Ica Stones are proven to be authentic, they would be one of the most important archaeological discoveries of all time.

- - - - - -

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Did the El Draque Cocktail Change Naval History and the History of England

In 1586, the mammoth fleet of Sir Francis Drake unemotional lots of Spanish return and wreaked ruination. One more invasion was planned ( a ' Spanish ' hangout called Havana ) adjoining which the fleet would return to England. However masterly was an epidemic on - board the ships and the men were in no fit character for measure fighting and the fleet went into hiding on the June 4th. It was published that medicines based on aquardiente de cana could be used for dysentery and Richard Drake then made a medicine using aguardiente de cana, mint, limes and sugarcane extract to cooperation it more luscious. In South America, mint is admitted as hierbabuena, literally, great herb. A search on the internet finds that when the bark of the chuchuhuasi tree is soaked in aguardiente ( sometimes spelt aquardiente ), its properties entail being an recusant dysenteric ( for treating dysentery ), digestive appetition and febrifuge ( used to treat fever ).

Scurvy is a vitamin C absence, and would have been cured by drinking lime juice. In the 1700 ' s English sailors were called limeys, because of the use of limes in their rations. Proof that this medicinal mix ( later called El Draque ) worked is that it was taken during cholera epidemics. In one of the worst cholera epidemics to affect Havana ' s population, Ramon de Paula says: " Every day at eleven in the morning, I consume a little Draque made from aquardiente and I am doing very well. This medicinal mix was administered to the sailors of Drakes fleet using a large wooden spoon with a cocks tail handle. This is thought to be where the name El Draque cocktail came from. The cure worked, the fleet raided one last place, St Augustine ' s watchtower and then returned home.

What would have happened if this remedy had not worked? If the epidemic had not been stopped it would have killed many of the sailors on the ships. During the American Civil War, dysentery caused more deaths of Union soldiers than the Confederacy did.

Scurvy is a vitamin C deficiency and would have been cured by drinking lime juice. In the 17th century limes and a tot of rum were regular rations for the British Navy, which is why sailors were called Limeys. On a long voyage, scurvy was a killer. Magellan, for example, lost eighty percent of the sailors on his Pacific voyage, survivors described how they had to keep slicing the swollen tissue away off their gums in order to be able to chew their rations. Descriptions of scurvy - afflicted explorers are absolutely awful. A French translation written in 1613 says " There developed in the mouths of those who had it, large pieces of excess fungus flesh which caused a great rot. Their teeth barely held in place, and could be removed with the fingers without causing pain. Later, severe pain developed in the legs and arms, which became very hard, swollen and covered with spots like fleabites. Consequently, they had almost no strength and suffered unbearable pain. They also had severe cramps in the stomach, loins and bowels, as well as with a very bad cough and shortness of breath. Unfortunately, we could find no remedy with which to cure these symptoms ". ( Samuel de Champlain, 1613 ) From vol. 1 of Champlain Society ' s 1971 ed., of Champlain ' s 1613 ed., Voyages du Sieur de Champlain

Conclusion: Had the epidemic not been stopped, then possibly the fleet would have had to come out of hiding in weakened condition, and might never have been able to make. There are a number of scenarios all of which would have caused the loss of the fleet. This would have led to the subsequent success of the Spanish Armada two years later, and the fall on England to the Spanish. The authentic Drakes cocktail ( El Draque ) can still be found in a ' bar battersea ' called the SugarCane, near the site of the old Tudor shipbuilding yard by the River Thames.

A former University lecturer and technical writer for over 20 years. A place that has the El Draque cocktail is The SugarCane bar in Clapham Junction