Black History Month Helping Black Employability

Black History Month is a outstanding time to assume about historical grasp. However, it would be souped up served as catalysis for further opportunities for all people. Sharp are over 15 million unemployed in our country. What worked in the ended for task prospects will not work during this economic transaction. Blacks are not excluded from this Inordinate American Vision. Are they? This article examines the issues of black unemployment in America and some strategies for neighborly this national event.

In urban area, the black employment trends should be disturbing to most American family. Unemployment in the black community is more than doubled the average American. Additionally, the unemployment gap between blacks and whites have widen since the recession ended over two years ago. For blacks, the unemployment in 2011 was 15. 8 % while the white employment fell from 8. 5 % to 7. 5 % percent. Blacks are heavily hit since much of the upward mobility has been found in federal, state, and local governments. Algernon Austin, director of the Economic Policy Institutes Program on Race, Ethnicity and the Economy, explains the results racial gaps are evident: " The gap is becoming more noticeable after recessions end, and African American workers are facing increasingly long odds. "

More employment opportunities for blacks should include innovative ways of thinking. An individual cannot be satisfied with the past career successes. Todays financial crisis demands a shift in thinking. In fact, it is an attribute to ones branding strategy to be unforgettable to others. Indispensability means adding value to your customers and organization. This new mindset provides a competitive advantage in the market.

Consequently, there needs to be strategies that empower these communities. If people look to the government or capitalism to save them, they are doomed. Historically, black churches have provided entrepreneurial and business professionals in the community. America needs this innovative thinking back. Richard S. Brown Jr., pastor of Payne Avenue Baptist Church, argues that it is time that churches take a more active role in this employment disparity: " We are called to minister to the whole man. We are to feed the whole man spiritually. However, we want to also minister to meet the physical needs of this person. " His church has already begun some activities, including an employment event with industry experts in the hopes of inspiring, educating, and employing the community. Churches, within urban areas, recognize the urgent need for economic opportunities. Jobs are at the top of this list. In this new job strategy, a personal branding strategy and strategic alliances are part of the employment war chest.

Furthermore, having the right job skills and networking with the right people are game changing attributes. This new mindset provides a competitive advantage in the marketplace - - - even for black people.

The future is filled with uncertainty. More and more jobs go abroad. Companies continue to shrink in size in hopes of being more competitive. Yet, the concept of indispensability may be able to assist the black community is retooling for the future. With millions of people searching for full - time employment, some hope is better than no at all.

2012 by Daryl D. Green

Ancient History Of Yoga

Ancient History of Yoga

Although yoga has only recently become more popular in the west, the practice of yoga has been used in the east for thousands of agedness. The history of yoga begins in the times of ancient Indian asceticism, which was ring in in the Indus Valley civilization which existed in 3300 to 1700 BC. When examining historical sites where slick are ruins with figures in artwork and on walls, the history of yoga can be empitic since crack are usually figures that are in positions that are remarkably yoga poses that are still used today. Masterly are other picture histories that grandstand play many different yoga activities that confirm the history of yoga in this, very ancient, civilization.

The Next Civilizations

There are some other practices of yoga mentioned in the Vedas, which are found in 800 to 100 BC and are still used in different meditations. The history of yoga continues into the recent times as the practice of the different forms of yoga has been refined and reconfigured throughout the ages.

There are many different types of yoga that have been passed down through the years in the history of yoga. There is the Hatha yoga style which is usually slow paced and gentle in comparison to other styles and is a good introductory style for users to practice when beginning. There is also the Vinyasa style of yoga in the history of yoga. This type of yoga provides a combination of the yoga poses and the breathing techniques that are practiced in this form of yoga. This style is a little more vigorous than the Hatha style, and there are some combined poses that follow one after another in a series. One common series is called the Sun Salutation, which is often used in repetition to warm up or warm down in a yoga class.

Another style of yoga in the history of yoga is called the Iyengar style, which emphasizes not just the poses, but also the alignment of the body in the poses to make sure that the person is doing them correctly. The Kundalini style is one that uses the breathing method of rapid breaths in conjunction with the physical poses to create a freeing of the energy in the body, thus making it healthier. Finally, there is the style of yoga that is called Bikram yoga, which is practiced in very hot conditions and is very vigorous. The room should be about 95 to 100 degrees so that the participants sweat a lot to let out toxins.

Being Thorough With Your Work History Decreases Chances of Social Security Benefits Being Denied

Before the Social Security Administration ( SSA ) determines whether you are unable to return to work, the agency reviews your work history and tasks performed on the afafir. When you are applying for Social Security benefits, you duty fill out your work history properly and hand over information that demonstrates you are unable to perform the work you have done in the past.

The SSA asks for the titles of all jobs you open over the former 15 age and also requires descriptions and job duties for each title. By failing to provide detailed descriptions of tasks performed at the jobs, the chances are greater that the SSA will deny your disability benefits claim. If you are compiling a work history, you should be sure to include:

The months and years of all dates you worked

The main responsibilities of your job ( s ) and main tasks you performed

The number of hours a day you worked per week

The rate of pay you received, denoting whether it was hourly or salary

List all equipment, machines and tools used to perform tasks

Note specific use of arms, hand and legs relating to job

How often the job required you to sit, stand, climb, kneel, walk, etc.

List any objects that you had to lift and carry, as well as approximate weights of those objects

Knowledge, skills and abilities required for the job, including any certifications or training you received that directly related to the job

Environmental conditions and hazards of your workplace

The amount of supervision or independent judgment used

List any speaking, hearing and vision requirements of job tasks, including any safety precautions at the job

Steve Troutman

Troutman & Troutman, P. C.

Brief History Of Air Jordan 10 Retro

In 1993, still reeling from the murder of his father, Michael Jordan did something he had been contemplating for halfway a continuance. He retired from basketball. At the top of his game, having won three championships, the greatest basketball performer of all time walked slaughter the asphalt. Astonishingly, MJ walked onto a baseball diamond. Nike, in tribute to Number 23, released the rudimentary shoe that is now being reintroduced as the Air Jordan 10 Retro.

Celebrated Nike designer Tinker Hatfield had teamed with Michael in the design iterations three through nine of the trademark kick. However, MJ had no hand in the big idea for number ten. The shoe did, though, bear the grade of design and materials that had become hallmarks of the brand.

The slightest tear featured a leather bar running the width of the toe of the shoe. Number 23 preferred his kicks unencumbered but did wear this version for a time upon his return to the game. This was not the only change that occurred during his brief tenure in the minor league of baseball.

The Chicago Bulls retired the jersey of their iconic shooting guard upon his retirement. Thus, when His Airness returned to basketball less than eighteen months later, his number was not available. He played for a time wearing number 45, his baseball identifier. Some of the original Hatfield designs have 45 stitched into the leather.

Other features of the shoe paid homage to a star Nike thought had left the court forever. Several of his key accomplishments were documented on the soles of the shoes. The initial 1994 run included versions carrying the colors of five NBA teams including the Bulls. A model with cleats was also released at that time. The stunning popularity of the model induced Nike to bring it back in 2005 as the Air Jordan 10 Retro.

Without a doubt, the commemorative value of the kicks played into the tremendous demand for them. However, their sleek style and the availability of numerous color combinations also made them popular. The manufacturer recognized this and enlarged the audience even farther with the 2005 reintroduction. The second coming of the shoes featured seven models, four more than the original styling. Two ladies versions were debuted. Building on the fan base of the first production line, the 2005 throwback also proved phenomenally alluring.

Rumors circulated for years that a third release of the shoes was planned. Many people expected 2008 to be the year when they would reappear in stores. Every year, though, fans were left disappointed. Finally, Nike announced that the shoe would be available for sale on January 21, 2012. Produced in the Chicago red white black color scheme, it immediately became an item every collector had to have.

Few sports stars have the ability to drive sales years after they have retired from the game. However, the brand created by MJ and Nike continues its stronghold on the imagination of the public. Each new model gets scooped off of store shelves. New production runs of the older versions, like the Air Jordan 10 Retro, reinforce the ongoing star power of His Airness.

Ancient History Of Zero

ANCIENT HISTORY OF ZERO

Abstract

In modern days, Ganit ( mathematics ) is considered a actual important subject. We good buy bona fide tortuous proof of this in - Vedah - ( which were compiled around 6000 BC ). Indian mathematics had its beginnings in the Bronze Age Indus Valley civilization ( 2600 - 1900 BC ) and the Impenetrable Age Vedic culture ( 1500 - 500 BC ). In the classical interval of Indian mathematics ( 400 AD to 1200 AD ), important contributions were made by scholars analogous Aryabhatta, Brahmagupta, and Bhaskarya etc. Thousands of second childhood ago, crack was no symbol or talk to express something. Fingers, sticks, eyesight or stones were used to enact numbers. Practiced were no clocks or calendar to trade in passage of time. The sun and moon were used to distinguish different times. The ideas of numbers came slowly in human life. Though the numbers are only an abstract image, we can ' t vital wayward them. In ancient time, most of the civilizations used different types of cipher or words to buy for number, cast away zero. Following many dotage, astronomers, mathematicians realized the necessity of exceeding symbol or number to impersonate - emptiness ' which is avowed as - zero '. Our purpose is to know about different types of symbol which were used as zero and how it came in final symbol - 0 -.

History of Zero

As pronto as the rule of position became the basis for a numbering system, most of the people of all civilization felt the desideratum of a specific number. One of the commonest questions of all readers is: What should be that specific number? Neighboring age ' speculations that specific number was recognized and that specific number was - zero -. But the interrogation is who discovered zero? Where was it discovered and when? Philosophical speculations about - emptiness - might have given sense and impetus to the impression of zero. First, the notion of zero was raise in - Vedah -. Zero was incidentally first known as - PUJYAM ' in early Sanskrit. This was replaced by the more mundane - SHUNYA '. Jaina mathematicians were apparently the first to use the word - SHUNYA ' ( literally void in Sanskrit ) to refer to zero. The Arabs, however, changed the Sanskrit word - SHUNYA ' to - SIFR ' but in the 12th century, Italian mathematician Leonardo Pisano Fibonacci, after studying Arabian Algebra, introduced the Hindu - Arabic numerals in Italy, they Latinized the Arabic word - SIFR ' to - ZEPHIRUM '. In Germany when Jordanus Nemaririus introduced the Arabic system of numerals, he retained the original Arabic word, but modified it to ' CIFRA '. In England, the word - CIFRA ' became - CIPHER '. In the early period, the new numeration incorporating - Zero - was looked upon as a secret sign by the common people. Only the Babylonians, the Mayans and the Indians managed to develop this final abstraction number - zero '. The Chinese only acquired it through Indian influences. The Babylonians put two wedge ( - ) symbols into the place where we would put zero. For example, the number 32 - 8 means 3208. It should be noted that the symbol never occurred at the end of the number but always between two digits. So we find 54 - 3 but never find 543 -. They would not distinguish 3208 and 328 until around 400BC. So it was same meaning of 328 and 32 - 8. The Mayans were also the first to symbolize the concept of nothing ( or zero ). A shell glyph was used to symbolize zero.

The Chinese started writing the open circle we now use for zero. The Hindu depicted zero as a dot. However, the Babylonian and Mayan zeros were not conceived of as numbers and only the Indian zero had roughly the same potential as the one we use now a days. That is because it is indeed the Indian zero which is transmitted to as through the Arabs together with the number symbols that we call Arabic numerals which are in reality Indian numerals. The ancient Greeks began their contributions to mathematics around the time when zero as an empty place indicator was coming into use in Babylonian mathematics. Some genius said that the Greek astronomers first began to use the symbol - O - which we recognize today.

But, the question is why they used this symbol? Some historians say that it is - omicron ', the first letter of the Greek word for - nothing ' namely - ouden -. Neugebauer, however dismisses this explanation, since the Greeks already used omicron as a number. Others explained that it stands for - obol -, a coin almost no value, and that it arises when counters were used for counting on a sand board. Many historians of mathematics believe that the Indian use of zero evolved from its use by Greek astronomers. Moreover, there are also some scholars who proclaims about the Indian invention of zero which seem to go far too far. The oldest text to use zero is a - Jain manuscript ' the - Lokavibhaga ', dated 458AD. In this text the following symbolic words were used to note zero.

It was first introduced to the world centuries later by ' Al - Khwarizmi ', the founder of several branches of mathematics. The first apparent appearance of a symbol for zero occurred in 876 in India on a stone table in Gwalior. Documents of a small symbol - o ' on copper plates were there, dated around sixth century AD. In around 650 AD the use of zero as number came into Indian mathematics. The Indians also used a place - value system and zero was used to denote an empty place. In around 500 AD, Aryabhatta devised a number system which has no zero yet was a positional system. He used the word - Kha - for position and it would be used later as the name for - ZERO -. Later, the characteristics, properties of the number - zero ' were discussed by some great mathematicians like Brahmagupta, Mahavira and Bhaskara etc. They tried to solve all peculiar type of problems created by zero ( like as a / 0=8, v0=0, 02=0, etc ). Still now, there are always sign problems caused by zero. Recently many people throughout the world celebrated the new millennium on 1st January 2000. Of course they celebrated the passing of only 1999 years since when the calendar was set up no year zero was specified. Although one might forgive the original error, most people are too much unable to understand why the third millennium and the 21st century begin on 1st January 2001. - ZERO - is still causing problems! So in mathematics, the problem created by zero is one of the biggest problem and we may say that - ZERO ' is a danger number. Tobias Dantzig in 1930 commented on zero that - In the history of culture, the invention of zero will always stand out as one of the greatest single achievements of the human race. -

Conclusion

There is nodoubt about the fact that zero is an important number in our life. The symbol - 0 - came undergoing many evaluation through the different civilizations. The first concept of zero was found in - Vedah - in the form of - PUJYAM - and later it was transformed into - SHUNYA -. Jaina mathematicians used it as zero. The Mayans were the first to symbolize zero in eyelike form. After then the Chinese used zero in open circle form. According to many mathematician, Greek astronomers first began to symbolize zero as - o -. However, in 500AD, Aryabhatta used the word - Kha - which is recently taken as zero. But, still now, we do not know who invented it and where actually it was discovered. In my opinion, it is a - SILENT NUMBER ' which enters in our life silently through different civilizations. It ' s difficult for a modern person to imagine a life without zero. According to Alfred North Whitehead, a life without zero is that - The point about zero is that we do not need to use it in the operations of daily life. No one goes out to buy zero fish. It is in a way the most civilized of all the cardinals, and its use is only forced on us by the needs of cultivated modes of thought. -

References:

1. J J O ' Cannor and E F Robertson: A History of Zero / / Ancient Indian Mathematics index History Topics Index. / / JOC / EFR November ( 2000 ). 2. Georges Ifrah: The Universal History of Numbers / / WINTER ( 2000 ). 3. Ram_m: From Shunya to Zero ( google search ). 4. Delhi, Richard: The Olmecs: America ' s First Civilization. London: Thames &Hudson. ISBN 0 - 500 - 02119 - 8. OCLC 56746987 ( 2004 ). 5. Trout, L. ( 1991 ). The Maya. New York, Ny: Chelsea House Publishesrs. 6. Burton, David M: The History of Mathematics - An Introduction. Debuque, lowa: William C. Brown. 1988. 7. URL: http: / www. angelfire. com / il2 / babylonianmath / mathematics. html 8. http: / / en. wikipedia. org / wiki / indianzero. html 9. http: file: / / I: \ Maya % 20numerals % 20 - % 20Wikipedia, % 20the % 20free % 20en - 10. http: Amazon. com: Zero: The Biography of a dangerous Idea ( 9780140296471 ): Charles Seife: Books.

Author Address: Banshidhar Sahoo M. Sc ( Gold Medalist ) Assistant Teacher Daharpur A. P. K. B. Vidyabhaban ( High School ) West Bengal. India. E - mail: