Wednesday, September 12, 2012

History Of The Brewery District In Columbus, Oh

During the early 19th century, immigrants began settling on the farmlands and pastures in the southern part of Columbus, OH. They constructed a community based finish off of their own solitary skill sets, and the community became avowed as the German Domicile and the Brewery District, due to the largely German makeup of the multitude. In 1836, Louis Hoster, a German immigrant to the Columbus area opened the rudimentary Brewery, called the City Brewery.

The breweries became the spotlight of the city, around which the other settlers constructed their homes and their businesses. Taking on a look that was indicative of their German roots, the working class homes that surrounded the breweries were constructed primarily of bricks with their triangular canopies over the doors and windows facing the streets. As the transportation routes improved, the larger homes of the wealthier immigrants began to move further south of the city.

In 1904, the breweries consolidated to form the Columbus Consolidated Brewing Company in order to deal with excess capacity and market deterioration.

In 1919, a Constitutional Amendment was passed prohibiting the manufacturing, transporting or sale of alcohol. Passage of this amendment, effectively nullified the Brewery Districts ability to survive. A few of the breweries survived a few more years by producing and distributing ice and soft drinks. This was short lived though.

In 1923, the City Brewery was closed, and its buildings were sold to serve various other purposes. A few of these new businesses included restaurants, warehouses, banquet halls, store fronts, etc in the city of Columbus, Ohio.

In 1993, the Brewery District Commission was formed and the guidelines of the commission were adopted in 1996. The duty of the non - salaried mayoral appointees is to protect and enhance historical features of the Brewery District and to promote the enhancement of the architectural uniqueness of the area.

History of Frigidaire

Frigidaire in process life as the Guardian Refrigerator Company which was founded in 1916 by a assemblage of investors and an govern called Alfred Mellowes from Embankment Wayne in Indiana. Alfred had spent the previous second working on building a refrigerator in his wash apartment and produced the primitive self contained unit. This refrigerator was more identical todays as it had a compressor fixed solidly in the base of the machine, unlike all previous machines which had a separate frigid box and a store unit that was then attached to it. The mill they set up hand made these refrigerators and this took up two weeks per gadget and they were momentarily in bent on cash predicament. It is estimated that in a two tour title only 40 machines were built and the company was over $30, 000 in debt.

General motors stepped in and bought the company in 1918 and changed its name to Frigidaire and set about adapting their knowledge of production manufacturing to making refrigerators at a plant in Detroit. This resulted in being able to quickly manufacture a quality product at a reasonable price and by September that year they had refrigerators for sale in the stores. In 1919 with all the patents for this design acquired the company became the Frigidaire Corporation. In 1921 production was moved to Dayton in Ohio sharing a factory with a subsidiary of General Electric that produced electrical generators. By 1926 the refrigerator business was doing so well that it was made a separate subsidiary of GE with its own president Elmer G Biechler and moved into a large purpose built plant in Moraine in Ohio. Production of other cooling products was also introduced with drinks coolers, ice cream makers, cooled display cabinets and soda fountain machines being made and in 1929 air conditioners and freezers were sold for the first time. Another milestone in the company history was the completion of the one millionth refrigerator in the same year.

The 1930s saw two new important technical advances and these were the development of a new refrigerant they called Freon and the introduction of a more efficient sealed compressor called the Meter Miser. Frigidaire was one of only a few companies that actually continued to grow and prosper during the depression branching into other household appliances such as washers, dryers, ovens and heaters. Just before the outbreak of World War II some 20, 000 people were employed by the company which also had the largest refrigerator factory in the world.

The war halted everything as production was changed to the war effort by producing Browning machine guns and various aircraft parts. Frigidaire was one of nine companies in America that were allowed to start production again of their own products before the end of the war. This allowed the company to have refrigerators produced again by July 1945 and increased to 1 million each year by 1949. By this time the company had added car air conditioning, dishwashers and waste disposals to its already impressive array of products.

Growth and success continued until in the 70s when the competition and cost of production made GE part with Frigidaire selling it to White Consolidated Industries who kept the name and continue to produce the Frigidaire range of household appliances.

History of Hawa Mahal Jaypur Travel tour

The Hawa Mahal is situated on the main road in the heart of Jaipur ' s business centre. The hint of Hawa is Wind and Mahal is Palace, inasmuch as we can besides call it " Palace of Winds " or " Palace of the Breeze ". It was designed with terra cotta and infrared sandstones in the formation of the crown of Hidu Father Krishna. Lal Chand Usta was the designer of this splendid heritage building. It is five - storied exterior looks twin to the honeycomb of the beehive. It has 953 petty windows that are called jharokhas and decorated with entangled openwork work. These petite windows were constructed to circulate air throughout the turn and make the palace naturally frore especially in the summer seasons. Hawa Mahal literally means Palace of the Winds.

Kachwaha Rajput Sawai Pratap Singh built the Hawa Mahal in 1799 as a prolongation of the Royal City Palace. He was the bairn of Maharaja Sawai Madhosingh I and grandson of Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh ( who frame Jaipur city in 1727 ). Hawa Mahal is a devotion to Loard Krishna ( Hindu Totem ) by Sawai Pratap Singh. You can see that it looks similar to the crown of Lord Krishna. Many reasons were also there for building this palace. The Rajputs had a restrict tradition called " purdah ( face cover ) " because of this Rajput ladies were not allowed to be seen by general public. Rajput Ladies also were very conscious about self - respect and status, so they did not prefer to be common in public and strangers. This all was because of a strict ritual they had to follow. They were still keen to know about general public and all the events out there in the street.

The palace is a five - story pyramidal shaped monument that rises to a height of 50 feet ( 15 m ) from its high base. The top three floors of the structure have a dimension of one room width while the first and second floors have patios in front of them, on the rear side of the structure. The front elevation, as seen from the street, is like a honeycomb web of a beehive built with small portholes. Each porthole has miniature windows and has carved sandstone grills, finials and domes. It is a veritable mass of semi - octagonal bays, which gives the monument its unique faade. The inner face on the back side of the building consists of need - based chambers built with pillars and corridors with least ornamentation, and reach up to the top floor. The interior of the Mahal has been described as having rooms of different coloured marbles, relieved by inlaid panels or gilding; while fountains adorn the centre of the courtyard.

Hawa Mahal is counted one the most famous heritage building of Jaipur that is appreciated by visitors from all over the world. This is standing on one of the main streets of Jaipur monitoring the happenings of the city. The best time to visit Hawa Mahal is early in the morning when it starts to dawn. It looks most beautiful this time with golden sunlight pouring on it. I personally found myself speechless to tell the beauty of this scene. Jaipur is located to the north of the Jaipur city. This is well - connected by road, rail and air links with the rest of the country. The palace, part of a huge complex, overlooks one of Jaipur ' s main streets and was originally constructed to offer women of the court a vantage point, behind stone - carved screens, from which to watch the activities taking place in the bazaar and the surrounding streets.

Hawa Mahal Jaipurfive - story, pyramid - shaped structure is made up of small casements, each with tiny windows and arched roofs with hanging cornices, exquisitely modeled and carved. Its facade makes Hawa Mahal look more like a screen than a palace. The panoramic view from the roof of the Mahal is stunning. The top two floors of the Hawa Mahal are accessed only through ramps. The Mahal, called as the specimen of fanciful architecture, is located to the south of the Jaipur city, at the main road intersection called the Badi Chaupad ( big four square ).

Vikas Gupta, for information on travel packages - Travel to The Taj Mahal Delhi Agra Jaipur Tour Please given all India tour information available at http: / / www. tajmahal - indiatour. com /

History of the Brahmin Handbag

In 1882, Joan and Bill Martin began Brahmin Leather Works which was a monkey entrepreneurial enterprise in Massachusetts. The company began in their home where they were to plan handbags that would capture the imagination of uplifted society women in Massachusetts. The phrase Brahmin originally comes from the caste system of India where the prime class, the highest caste, were called Brahmins. The duration also means learned one, and denotes one of the highest societies of the Indian caste system of the 1800 ' s. In Boston, the socialites of those days who were of colossal standing were called Boston Brahmins. The expression was embraced by Bill Martin and stuck inordinately since.

As the senility went by, the Martins realized that the company would amount to much more than a humble Boston handbag shop. They right now began working with others to create a brand name and the Brahmin name took off like a shooting star. The high quality of Brahmin bags coupled with their fashionable designs are what made the company a symbol of fashion and the finest craftsmanship. Made of Italian leather and polished with a unique sheen, the bags became popular with the well to do of the New England area very quickly.

Today, while operations are large scale, there remains only four Brahmin handbag retailers. All of these are in the New England area. The company is still very much family owned, but has cooperated extensively with sales professionals from all over the country to promote their products. A recent big step for Brahmin was to collaborate with Dillards to sell their handbags. You can now find Brahmin hand bags in Dillards along with all your favorite high end brands. The only difference is that their handbags will be at a surprisingly low rate compared to other high end brands.

There are literally hundreds of styles and colors of hand bags to choose from. Brahmin has come up with a unique style of naming their purses to categorize them for easy reference. They use girls names like Rosaline, Alyssa, and Dana, to name a few to tell styles apart. You can find a variety of wrist purses, cross body bags, business bags, as well as party hand bags. The list is endless to what you can find. If you would like to locate a specific color and style you can do so easily by logging on to the Brahmin web site which is the official site for the renowned handbag.

History teaching getting students to read

Every history teacher knows how hard it is to entertain students to read. They holding every research project exclusively to the web and it leaves them with little patience of extended argument or responsiveness for buried scholarship. Using books as a resource has become a extensive unemotional for teaching and learning.

Trained is no charm bullet. But some strategies can balm. Number one, distinguish distinctly which research tasks are to be done on - line and which through books. If you set a sort to write a note about women in 1920s USA, then do it on - line, where crackerjack is a mass of colourful material and pictures they can download. With a shortlist of recommended sites a spanking class can get it done in a lesson. If you set the same American history class to analyse the problems created by Prohibition, then the web will give them endless vivid anecdote with too little reliable analysis. This is one for the books. Explain why and ban the web completely.

Second, set out from where they are. Many students do in fact read. The problem is that they don ' t read the dense historical stuff we want to set them. No surprise. So give them a mixture. Our American history group could read Steinbeck ' s Of Mice and Men or Harper Lee ' s To Kill a Mockingbird. But add Bill Bryson ' s Made in America and then Lucy Moore ' s wonderful Anything Goes and you have arrived at a highly readable, informative and well - argued historical text. Mix it up.

Third, and especially at 16 - 18, set them short ( 2 - 5 page ) extracts from a number of books each time you set an essay. If your budget allows, photocopy the extracts and hand them out as a booklet. Teach them how to make good, concise and usable book notes and take them in to mark regularly. Discuss the different authors ' views.

Persuade your librarian to shift some or all of the history books into your history classrooms. Build using your history library into your lessons and set them to borrow and use library books for personal study.

Alternatively - and in my experience most successfully of all - create teaching and learning units in each year that are studied in the library, exclusively using library books. You need a sympathetic librarian. I ' ve had classes building cardboard castles in the library, or making presentations about design, fashion or sport. Give your librarian plenty of notice so that there will be a sufficient range of books and they are not out on loan when you need them. Study the Tudor court, aspects of Empire or women or medicine in history. Wars are always well covered. Think also about using the art of the period you are studying. Transfer examination classes to the library while they are researching and writing coursework.

There will always be students who are reluctant to read. The web is a wonderful resource. But reading adds essential depth. Construct fun tasks with an obvious purpose and your students will surprise both you and themselves. It won ' t be long before every department in the school is scheduling library units. Make sure you get the credit.

Click for free resources and more ideas from John Triffitt

How To Write A History Essay

Part One: The essay debate.

The slightest and most important part of writing a select history essay is to make out the question. Many students fail to spread their grade over they fail to grasp the problem and phraseology used. No matter how wrapped tight an essay is researched and written, if it does not answer the query, the student will get from a fortuneless grade.

History essay questions are presented in rife ways, and when a student is not focused on the terminology and the problem structure, the essay can stroll into an irrelevant narrative. Many questions time in at key to be simplistic reiterations of lectures or seminars, however, the questions that are set are often to examination the students proficiency to forward their enlightenment and not necessarily to regurgitate facts.

Here are some examples of history essay questions:

1. Why were well-qualified in consequence many revolutions in 1848?

This interrogation does not cross-examine how many revolutions took place; neither does it roast how they took place. What the question asks is what revolutions took place and how are they connected well-balanced. What were the common causes of the revolutions, not their independent, isolated variables, but how were they connected.

2. Do you consider that the policy of Tsar Nicholas I towards Turkey led inevitably to the Crimean War?

When considering this question, it is important to note that although the question identifies Tsar Nicholas Is policies as the subject for this essay, the involvement of other nations should also be included. The essay requires the student to describe the origins of the Crimean War and the part played by Tsar Nicholas Is policies and that of France and Great Britain. The paper should endeavour to explain the variables leading up to the war and discuss to what extent the policies of Tsar Nicholas I influenced the actual timing of the conflict. In history essays isolating a topic from external factors is dangerous unless requested in the question. The student must assess the cause and effect of numerous variables but focus on Russias foreign policy particularly towards Turkey.

3. Compare the nationalism of Mazzini with that of Cavour.

This question asks about nationalism, not individuals. The question should address Mazzinis and Cavours nationalist policies and ideologies. A description of nationalism in context to other nationalist movements in Europe during this period should be used to identify the common meaning of nationalism, and Mazzini and Cavour should be placed in a comparative role according to this definition. A common mistake by students would be to muddy their essay with a narrative of both the key figures identified in the question. Furthermore, describing Mazzini and Cavour in isolation, without considering Europe and Italy, would equally reduce the grade. The subject of this question is nationalism and how nationalism was perceived, acted upon and delivered by Mazzini and Cavour.

4. What were the consequences for Germany of the Zollverein?

This is a straightforward question which would require a student to describe the political and economic development of Germany between the years 1830 and 1870 and how the Zollverein influenced it. It would be up to the student to decide the extent of influence supported by relevant evidence.

5. How successful was Tsar Alexander II in solving the problems facing Russia during his reign?

When attempting this question, the student must discuss the difficulties facing Russia at the beginning and end of the reign of Tsar Alexander II. Political, economic and social factors must all be taken into account. The essay should progress on the discussion whether or not Tsar Alexander II left any long term solutions. It is a straightforward question; however, the student should not deviate from the question and remain focused on Tsar Alexander IIs influence.

6. Unfriendly and provocative. To what extent is this an accurate summary of Germanys policies towards the European Powers between 1890 and 1914?

With the debate on the origins of the First World War still being fought, many students fall into the trap of discussing war guilt and the events leading up to the First World War. However, this is not what the question asks. This question asks whether Germanys policies were perceived as unfriendly and provocative. For this paper, Germanys policies should be examined in context to how they would be perceived by the European Powers during that period. Furthermore, this question offers the opportunity to discuss the interpretation of the policies by individual countries. For example, did Great Britain feel provoked by Germanys policies more than France did? It must not be forgotten that there are two words: unfriendly and provocative. The paper could include a discussion on the powers experiencing the policies as unfriendly rather than provocative.

In Part Two, I will discuss how to plan and compose a history essay.

Maintaining A Family Medical History Including Personal Health Records And Medical Records

Many doctors today grill a mixture of questions introspection the health of your family as fit as your own personal history. It is important that you can minister as much family medical history as possible to your family vexation provider. Keeping a diary of your personal health records and medical records will be identical helpful for you.

A family medical history can bring important clues when you or a loved one is suffering from a medical trouble. Whether it may be heart problems, cancer or innumerable doubt, having

personal health records and medical records will be plain helpful. A family medical history can further be very important.

By having the ability to easily access the family medical history, you can accurately provide personal health records and medical records to your physician to help with your care. If you are experiencing things such as depression or anxiety, it will be important to know if there is a family medical history of this problem. Doctors use family medical history to determine if you are predisposed to a variety of health concerns today.

Providing your doctor with accurate personal health records and medical records helps them to accurately provide the care you need. When you have a

family medical history of specific problems, you are likely to be screened for those specific problems. Things such as specific heart conditions, immune disorders and other health problems are shown to be commonly found in the history of the patients family.

By keeping a journal of your own personal health records and medical records, you will be better prepared to answer questions from your doctor. Additionally, it is also very important that you obtain as much personal health records and medical records from your own family as well. The past historical records are important when filling out a variety of screening questionnaires today.

For example, having personal health records and medical records of family members who may have passed away at an early age will help you determine if you should undergo certain screening tests. A family who has experienced cancer is likely to be susceptible to having more members having the same type eventually.

In addition, it will be important for future generations as well. Providing your own children with a documented account of your own health history will be beneficial to them in the future. In addition, by providing this information to each generation, you will find that you build a permanent record of the history that can be used in a variety of ways.

History Of The Pretzel

As with all foods, acknowledged is a history to be traced, a introduction and an evolution. Consequently it is with the pretzel. Where did the pretzel originate and how has it changed?

History or tales of the pretzel state that as early as 610AD at a convert after all in Southern France or Northern Italy, monks used scraps of property and formed them into strips to show a child ' s arms folded in prayer. The three empty holes represented the Christian Trinity. The monks offered the sweaty, doughy bribe to children who had memorized their Bible verses and prayers. The monks called it a Pretiola, Latin for little reward. The talk was later adopted and opportune by the Italians into the discussion Brachiola, which means little arms. A page from the prayer book of Catherine of Cleves depicts St. Bartholomew surrounded by pretzels, which were reflection to bring deluxe fortune, prosperity and spiritual wholeness to those who ate them.

The Pretiola journeyed beyond the French and Italian wine regions, hiked the Alps, wandered through Austria, and crossed into Germany, where it became proclaimed as the Bretzel or Pretzel.

In medieval times merchants exploration to the Frankfurt Fair risked being robbed by bandits. In regularity to guard the tradesmen, the towns ' people would ride out, embrace the vendors and offer them pewter pitchers of wine and loads of crisp gold on their spears, called Geleit - pretzels.

The shape of the Pretzel worked its way into the culture not only as a reward but as a symbol of good luck and prosperity. Street corner vendors began offering them as so. Before Easter chocolate there was the Easter pretzel. The pretzel was served with two hardboiled eggs and hidden around farms for children to find. Weddings in Europe for a time used the tradition of the bride and groom tugging at a pretzel like a wishbone, the larger piece assured the spouses fulfillment of their wishes.

German children had other connections to the pretzel, too. They tied pretzels on a string around their necks at the beginning of a new year for prosperity, health and good fortune.

Pretzels are shown in paintings with one of the more famous pictures called " The Fight Between Carnival and Lent " by Pieter Bruegel in 1559. The pretzels are shown in the lower right hand corner. A 17th century woodcut, copied from a cathedral in Bern, Switzerland, depicts the " marriage knot " as being a pretzel.

How is the pretzel good luck? Another story states that during the 1500 ' s, the city of Vienna was under siege by Ottoman Turks. Thwarted in their efforts to break through the city ' s walled fortifications, the Turks began tunneling below ground. Pretzel bakers, working through the night, heard the strange noises in the cellars, and notified the guard. The city was saved, and the grateful emperor awarded the pretzel bakers an honorary coat of arms!

European countries are not the only countries with pretzel stories. Within American, the pretzel was said to be discovered in the late seventeenth century when a baker ' s helper fell asleep tending pretzels baking in the hearth. When he awoke, the flames had died and he believed the pretzels hadn ' t cooked long enough and started the fire up again. When the Master Baker came in, he was furious that an entire batch of pretzels were not fit to eat. In the process of throwing them out, he tasted one and realized he was on to something big! Not only did he like the taste of these delicious crunchy morsels but realized due to the moisture being baked entirely out, that freshness was preserved and they would keep longer to sell.

Others say the immigrants brought the " bretzel " to the United States during the 1800 ' s. It had been Americanized and claimed to have even been on the Mayflower and traded with the early Native Americans, who loved them.

As far as commercializing the pretzel, history shows that in the town of Lititz in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, a man named Julius Sturgis began selling the pretzel. Pretzels later become industrialized, that is, made in mass, in 1935 when the Reading Pretzel Machinery Company first introduced the automatic pretzel twisting machine. Prior to that, most commercial pretzels were actually shaped by a cracker - cutting machine, then placed on baking pans and put into the baking ovens by hand. This innovation made pretzels available to people in all parts of the country, and helped the fledgling industry grow.

Today, annual pretzel sales top $180 million and are the second most popular snack, right behind potato chips and just in front of popcorn.

Pretzels today are made from many different grains. Toppings go beyond coarse salt, poppy or sesame seeds, and now boast such exotic coverings as cheese, chocolate and pizza flavorings. Although pretzel rods, ultra thin pretzels and pretzels chunks, clumps, sticks, rings and chips are also sold by such companies at Bachman, Snyder ' s and others, the original " pretiola " shaped snack still sells best.

Pretzels have also found their way into salads, hors - d ' ouvres and to accompany soups, dips and fruit.

The pretzel has survived many years of competition from other snack foods and has survived - so who is to say they don ' t represent good luck as this is quite the feat.

Introduction to Atomism History

Of weight towards the philosophical belief of atomism is in fact the historical act how the particles which physicists and chemists of the earlier 19th century considered were characteristic and in consequence identified with all the uncut table atoms of extended tradition, were perfectly located at the 20th century being made up of even smaller sized organizations: electrons, neutrons, and protons. More studies demonstrated that protons and neutrons are constructed of quarks. At the moment, electrons, quarks and other basic particles for example neutrinos, taus, muons and gauge bosons display no experimental proof of size or substructure. Nevertheless, the chance that they too may be consists of smaller contaminants cannot be eliminated. Although the link to atomism history is at greatest tenuous, these types of particles, as opposed to chemical substance atoms, are around similar to the standard indivisible objects.

Introduction to the History of the Ancient World

Ancient history is the study of human history from the time it has been recorded up until the Early Middle Ages ( 5th century AD ). Since this expression is approximately 5, 000 caducity in loop, it is a limited study of human ' s time here on Earth. Cultures and events before written records were made are considered to be " prehistory, " which is not included in the ancient history model.

How is Ancient History Studied?

Archaeology is the science and intention behind studying ancient history. A lot of information about a culture can be gathered when artifacts are excavated and accomplished. Archaeologists spend time on sites and trimmed in the laboratory to discover as much as they conceivably can about a civilization and its people.

People who study in this field further spend a lot of time speech with local and indigenous people in the area of recreation. Some families have passed down uttered histories and traditions for generations, which can give out interesting facts and clues about the ancient culture that lived before them.

Numerous course of studying history is by rendering source texts. Such documents come from historians that lived during the time of a particular civilization. It ' s also possible to find source texts from historians that lived after a civilization fell, as they may have been researchers in their time also.

Where Did it All Begin?

The Ancient Near East region is considered to be the birthplace of human civilization. Here we find the first records of agriculture that lasted year - round, a writing system that people used frequently, and plenty of inventions that made life a little easier.

This region is where modern Iraq, northeastern Syria, and southeast Turkey are today. It is also the place where the first centralized governments, empires, and law codes were established. Social classes, organized wars, and slavery were unfortunate results of such political and economic development.

Fortunately, sciences like mathematics and astronomy also came from the ancient cultures of the Near East, with one of them being Mesopotamia. The people of this civilization were the first writers, astronomers, and mathematicians.

Later cultures developed more advanced systems and made significant discoveries in areas of engineering, metallurgy, health, and technology. India and China are credited with many of these advancements that continue to bewilder people today. Many of our modern achievements have come from these ancient peoples.

A Brief Timeline of Ancient History

The common eras of ancient history are divided into ages and empires. The Neolithic Age is considered to be prehistory, while the Bronze Age and the Iron Age are part of an initial period that describes the first civilizations with written records. These included the Egyptians, the Indus Valley people, and the Mesopotamians. The approximate time frame of the Bronze Age was from 3000 BC to 1200 BC, and the Iron Age lasted from 1200 BC to 400 AD.

The Middle Ages and Classical Antiquity are the next, broad references of cultural history that focuses on the civilizations located around the Mediterranean Sea, in Central and South America, and in Asia.

This Classical Antiquity begins with the Greeks, includes the Romans, and ends with the Late Classical period. During this time of the Middle Ages from 400 AD to 1000 AD and beyond, the Chinese, Persian, and Indian cultures thrived in Asia. In Central America, the Mayan culture began around 1500 BC, and the Aztecs and Incas developed in Mexico and South America around 1300 AD.

Challenges With Studying Ancient History

One of the challenges with studying ancient history is the fact that written records only go back so far. Some cultures show evidence of thriving before there were any kind of tablets, texts, or drawings made to record their history. Archaeologists determine this by finding artifacts like handmade tools, pottery, jewelery, statues, and other objects.

Another concern about studying ancient history is the difficulty in finding enough documents that have survived over time. There are only a small number of records that are available to study, which gives researchers just a small glimpse into the past.

Last, the literacy factor is another challenge associated with ancient history studies. Civilizations vary greatly in how literate they were in comparison to others; some cultures had highly developed written languages, while others relied on oral traditions.

These challenges and discoveries make ancient history a worthwhile and exciting field to study.

History Of Wine In India

Wines in India have a date with history. The wine culture traces us back to the experienced days when the earlier visitors to India were welcomed with wine, which had a fierce competition with the other European wines. The wine produced in India has instant to enter exceeding cooperative now where the international mart thrives. The vineyards in India cover around a hundred thousand acres today with only one percent of it used for striking wine.

Indian wines are served in restaurants all over India along with the wines from many other countries. Wine in India has its roots to the vineyards in the south - western part of India which produce roughly half the total wine produced. It is possible to buy red as well as white table wine in many shops these days.

Among the various Indian wines, the white wine and red wine are produced in the vineyards in India. White wine is known as Chhabri and is made from Chardonnay, predominantly, with Thompson Seedless and Ugni Blanc blended together. Red wine, called Anarkali, is made from Cabernet Sauvignon blended with Bangalore Purple. The Bangalore Purple is added to round this type of Red wine.

Sahyadri Valley holds a hundred acre vineyard which produces excellent wine. The hot and dry climate conditions help to nurture their growth. The sandy soil that aids the growth of this Indian wine has prolific quantities of micro nutrients and some vital trace elements. The fermentation of White and Red wine takes place under controlled temperatures and makes uses of special cultured yeasts. While malolactic fermentation is not required for the production of white wine, it is essential for red wine production.

Wines in India and food go a long way back in history. The British Raj used to take a few cocktails before dinner and enjoy their food with a glass of wine. Though wines from across the globe were available but on many occasions, they preferred Indian wines. A cool, light red wine served with meat curries can be very refreshing. India is a home for several indigenous grape varieties of wine that can be enjoyed with food. Sultana, the Turkish grape, is the most popularly planted grape in India. Other top quality wines in India come from imported French varieties at Chateau Indage, Zinfandel, Sauvignon Blanc, Clairette and Chenin Blanc.

History of Tirupati Temple - Tirupati Balaji Temple

Anand Nilayam, Bearing the adobe of bliss, is call agreed to the vimana ( or ) Blessed tower which enshrines lord srinivasa of the seven hills. The sthupi ( or ) tower greater than the garbagriha ( or ) sanctum. Sanctorum in a temple is called vimana. The controlling all knowing, - Moola Virat - as very the uthsavamurthi, is enshrined in the garbhagriha. The label agreed to the vimana varies from sthala to sthala. The famous shrine on srirangam has the vimana which is called the pranavakara vimala ' as it is shaped approximative the sacred pranava ( OM ). The vimana which enshrines Sri Devadhi raja on kandupuram is common as the - punyakoti vimana '. The name agreed to the vimana of each one sthala or divya desa is over and has got the reclining beauty of srirangam is given away by his vimana to be the essence of pranava sri Devadhiraja of kancheepuram, more laurel common as varadharaja perumal is justly declared by the vimana to be the favor with the purpose of accrusesout of croresof meritorious and virtuous deeds ( punya - koti ). Dressed in the corresponding way the Ananda Nilaya vimana of srivaru proclaims him to be the veritable Adobe of bliss lord venkateswara in tirumala hills.

According to the religion, the furthermost bliss ( or ) mokshananda is not indivisible which is necessarily to be sought taking into consideration barely in realms further than this earth. The upanishadic way of contemplation and the alwars intuitive experiences both domicile down with the purpose of it is feasible to realize mokshananda stable on this earth and uniform era encased in this unpolished body of ours.

Sageness Here To Lord Balaji Temple infomaion Here And How to darshan

The temple on the tirumala hills which enshrines with the purpose of beautiful and gorgeous form of lord srinivasa who is the distillation of grace, is easily equated by each one as an - Adobe of Bliss - - Ananda Nilaya and veto wonder therefore, The vimana which proclaims the existence of with the purpose of ananda nilaya is called the ananda nilaya vimana If in attendance is individual place in the complete of india to which from all above years, It is - tirumala - the adobe of srinivasa, he is the lord of all languages and of all the peoples, in attendance is veto individual in india with a thinking mind and a loving spirit who does not contemplate a pilgrimage to the shirne of balaji and does not caringly and eagerly look brazen to being blessed with the divine kataksha of lord in attendance. Lady Venkateswara is the kuladaiva of household deity of millions of families in south india. Tirumala Hills

Lod srinivasa is individual of the very hardly any deities prayed by all the four categories worshipers mentioned by lord sri tirumala hillsKrishna in bhagavadgita. The major in distress ( Aarthaha ). The man who requests wealth ( artharthi ), the enquiringly and the inquisitive philosopher and the Jnani who is the huntsman taking into consideration god of g0d ' s sake and not intended for his own sake all these four categories of worshipers can be seen unruffled in very hardly any chairs. That Sri Venkatesa is sought aftr by the primarily and next categories of worshipers need not be personally dilated winning as individual can predict thousands of men and women on a daily basis approach to him intended for relief from distress and intended for being blessed with wealth. The third type of devotees are somewhat superior to the others in with the purpose of seek taking into consideration the pleasures obtained by them barely by his grace. They come up with been called kaivalyam this, The fourth type of people feel like him and feel like him only from him, dressed in other language, To them he is both the method or Upaya and the finish of purushartha. Even pronto prohibited the several millions day prohibited can predict fervent devotees who draw closer to him seeking veto benefit or pleasure excepting the benefit and pleasure of seeking him and being blessed by him. Beyond as him, further than being his presence further than being able to regurgitate his dub with partiality, they come up with veto requests, To them lord srinivasa is the erratic bliss moksha itself. When individual reads the outpourings of the alwars and of the significant acharyas individual can predict how they found the object of their soul ' s quest in tirumala and how they surrendered themselves on his ffet wholeheartedly, and fond place, contentment rapture in with the purpose of process, I come up with placed myself under thy - feet, says nammalvar.

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Vedanta desika sums - up and indicates intended for our benefit the pray with the purpose of have to to enlarge form and all towards this lord, as famous intended for his beauty as intended for his grace. After singing ninety - nine verses in praise of dayadevi, the devine companion of the country symbolizing his grace, in the hundredth sloka of his significant dayasataka, Vedanta desika sings as follows. Tirumala Hills Pray

- Mother divine! From you I feel like veto other help therefore this pray he content to confer this help only on me. Please predict to it with the purpose of he the lord uncover of vrishagiri ( Tirumala Hills ), who is common as mukunda ( individual confers material and spiritual pleasures, - Please predict to it with the purpose of he confers on me the bliss of the celestial even while Iam at this juncture on this earth - Ananda Nilya Vimana be reminiscent us of the dedicated heritage of india and of the celestial bliss with the purpose of is the birth correctly of each one in this sacred province!.

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History of the Vortex Tube

The introduction of the vortex tube has a more impressive history that ' s worthwhile knowing in situation you have used the tool.

The juncture 1928:

In the year1928, a French physicist proclaimed as George Ranque ran a vortex - type pump and accidentally invented a different sort of vortex the tube of the vortex. Clock analyzing his white lie, he proverb it would be a promise product wherein he attempted to marketplace as vortex tube. Unfortunately, folks those times did not have articulation service for relating strengthy and functional device.

In 1945:

Seventeen second childhood successive, in 1945, that deception isolated hibernation when augmented physicist, known as Rudolph Hilsch who write a write - up within the journal, - Wirbelrohr - in regards to the device. He stated the functionality with the tube of vortex as a mechanical device. After a few years, it was attributed several applications and uses which was found by the commercial sector since many useful.

The current:

At the present time, tubes with the vortex were finally considered as a far more reliable device using its many uses. Users seen that vortex tube is not just efficient but cheaper when compared with other devices. Ranque - Hilsche Vortex may be the other name given to the tube vortex to honor its initial inventors. Compressed air is well separated into cold and warm streams with this mechanical gadget. Without any movable parts, it hardly needs any maintenance.

Scientific disciplines behind Vortex Tube

The scientific explanation of tubes of vortex has just been explained. While using tangent tube, pressured air is injected into the device. With all the discharge of the gas is released in, the air inside a whirlwind motion moves swiftly into the heat nozzle. The finish has an opening with cone - shaped blockage that permits just the hot stream to exit. All of those other gas extends back in an opposite direction which time that it has a lot power temperature and exits with the opposite opening as cold stream. The ability method to obtain these devices could be the compressed air injected into the vortex tube. You can well customize the vortex tube ' s temperature by using the control valve. Based on your need, you can go for temperature below - 50 Fahrenheit ( - 46 Celsius ) or around 260 F ( 127C ) high. The price tag on vortex tube is a lot more economical as opposed to tradition air cooling system. Commercial types of the device may even drop lower than 45C and rise to, 000 BTU using the filtered compressed gas at 100 PSI. The economic sector found numerous applications of vortex tubes.

Other uses:

Other uses of vortex tubes are: cool down machine operation, electrical cabinets, mold tools, CCTV cameras as well as other practical uses. Future technology is also researching for other uses of the tube vortex. They are looking at the application of the tube inside the manufacture of ice in developing countries and also the recycling of waste pressure energy.

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History Of Wrangler Jeans

Wrangler is one of the three most popular American jeans brands. And here is the allegory of how this brand was born.

It all stated in 1897 when a 20 - lastingness - old infant man called S. S. Hudson came to a little structure accommodation of Greensboro, North Carolina, to find a work. The basic undertaking suggestion Mr. Hudson managed to bargain was embroidery buttons on a foundry for 25 cents a day. And in seven age the foundry went bad off. 1904 S. S. Hudson bought a couple of needlework machines, rented a room on the second pave of a grocery shop and registered his own company subservient the epithet of Hudson Overall Co.. The company sour out to be completely a boom and 15 senility proximate its establishment it opened the slightest jeans manufacturing plant. Railroad men liked Hudsons creations to such extent, that they even presented him with a bell, which in course of time became blue because of small particles of indigo color. S. S. Hudson was inspired and renamed his company, which was then called Blue Bell Overall Co.. 1926 he sold a successfully running company to a textile manufacture Big Ben for a hatful of money 585 thousand dollars.

Six years later the new owner of the company presented new overalls Super Big Ben Overalls, which would practically not shrink after washing. The overalls didnt lose their form and didnt become shorter, which caused a sensation in those days! It is not surprising that this event laid a foundation for modern standards of textile industry.

1943 the company bought another firm manufacturing overalls, Casey Jones together with the rights for a rarely used trademark Wrangler ( which means rancher ). The idea was to manufacture special cowboy trousers surpassing all competitors on the market. However, the conception was realized only in 1947, the official year of Wrangler jeans creation.

The breakthrough happened thanks to another textile innovation broken twill denim. Such texture provided balanced structure of the fabric, which from now on no longer intertwined around cowboys legs while wearing. Besides the new customized denim cloth turned out to be softer than traditional herringbone one. The jeans were designed by a famous cowboy tailor Rodeo Ben Ben Lichtenstein and were for the next two years advertised for by American rodeo celebrities like Jim Shoulders, Bill Pindermann and Frekless Brown. Three of them constantly appeared wearing 13MWZ jeans model by Wrangler, which happened to be the best advertising campaign ever and the most convincing argument for quality and originality.

Peculiarities of these jeans were dictated by their cowboy nature they were meant for those who ride a horse. Waist cut prevented a shirt from riding up and trouser legs were a bit longer than normal which prevented them from coming up as well. Triumphant progress of new trademark started. 1974 customized jeans by Wrangler were recognized as official clothes of Rodeo cowboys association in the USA.

However, the brand didnt want to limit itself with American market only. 1962 Blue Bell became the first American clothes company to open a denim factory in Europe. Wrangler jeans become here no less popular than in the USA: a year later Newsweek magazine calls European teenager a surprise in Wrangler cover.

In 1996 each fifth pair of jeans sold in the USA was manufactured by Wrangler. Today the brand exploits not only the cowboy theme, but also Western roots and tradition. Besides, nowadays the trademark manufactures a line of clothes for hunters and sportsmen called ProGear. A W letter embroidered on the back pockets has become to one of the most recognizable symbols in the world. In Europe the brand is represented in 22 countries. In the same way as before Wrangler embodies the spirit of explorers and pioneers, bright individuals, hardworking, free and self - confident the true values of Western civilization ( see getwear. com customized jeans blog ).

Landmarks In Indian History

Indias history is rich and assorted due to its only blend of ancient civilizations, cultures, beliefs and ideas. To mention lawful a few of the landmarks in Indian history would do grave injustice to the other important events which may seem unimportant finally troglodytic a permanent impact on the history of India today. The Indus Valley Civilization laid the foundation stone of development and progress in different cities uniform Harappa and Mohenjo - Daro.

A bull and continuing influence was abandoned by the Maurya Empire whose most noted King Chandragupta Maurya unified most of India. Chanakya was a popular and flourishing admitted advisor of King Chandragupta Maurya who compiled many literary masterpieces.

The greatest Emperor of the Maurya scepter however was Asoka. An able director and skilled gi joe, he converted to Buddhism after the Battle of Kalinga.

The coming of the Aryan race saw the Vedic period in India from 1500 - 600 B. C. The Vedic age laid the foundation of Hinduism and gave rise to four major classes consisting of Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishya and Shudra. With the fall of the Vijayanagar Empire in the South, the Classical age emerged with King Harshas conquests. The Arab - Turkic invasion slowly gave rise to the Islamic Empire in India, most notably the Delhi Sultanate. In 1526, Babur established the Mughal Dynasty. One of the most famous Kings to have emerged from this dynasty was Akbar the Great. The post - Mughal era saw the emergence of the Maratha Kingdom founded by Shivaji. Their territory stretched to practically the entire sub - continent before being defeated at the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761.

With Vasco da Gamas success in finding a new sea route to India, the Portuguese set up trading posts in Daman, Diu, Goa and Bombay. They were soon followed by the Dutch, the British and lastly the French. With the coming of the British East India Company and the Battle of Plassey in 1757, the Mughal Dynasty faded away marking the beginning of formal British rule in India. The Indian Rebellion of 1857 is seen as the first major movement against British Raj. The British Crown took over power from the East India Company, gradually making India a colony and controlled everything through the rulers of what was known as Princely States.

1885 saw the emergence of the Indian Nation Congress in Bombay who played an important role towards Indias independence. In 1905 Lord Curzons policy of divide and rule led to the partition of Bengal which left huge ramifications on Indian society. In 1920, steps towards Indian Independence started with leaders such as Mohandas Gandhi who started mass movements against British rule. His most noted achievements were his non - violence movement, salt march, quit - India movement, civil - disobedience movement and non - cooperation movement. While achieving independence from the British is seen as the most important landmark in Indian history, this moment was tainted with the partition of India.

How to Delete History From Mozilla Firefox

Mozilla Firefox is the web browser that is used by most of the people in the world. People double it for it has some particular traits. Hale whatever the browser you are using, your privacy is a right. Surfing on the net is not secure and it can store more and more about your personal information. It sounds super that you don ' t exigency to fill all the information also and also if you are lining a skeleton there, but sometimes it becomes irritating when you see all the personal things are also being shown there.

Of course your privacy is a big issue on browsers if you are sharing your computer with other people. They may misuse your information and can harm your personal life. If you use a system in cyber cafe or using a shared computer, you never want these histories or things to be seen by others. Here are some data that is generally saved by Firefox history:

Cookies: This stores the site preferences and log in details and the information about the sites you have visited. Mostly it is used by third parties to track your sites.

Browse History: This is the list that shows all the information about visited sites.

Download History: It gives information about the files you have downloaded on the web.

Search bar and form History: In search bar history there are item you have entered into Firefox ' s search bar and when you have filled up any form over the net it shows the form auto fill up.

Cache: This is the store for impermanent files like web pages and online media Firefox downloaded from the internet to increase the speed of loading pages.

Offline Website Data: Here a website can store files on your computer to make you to use it when you are not using internet.

Site Preferences: Here you can view details like character encoding, permission for sites and site specific preferences.

Active Logins: These are connection that uses basic certification. When you login to a website that is encrypted that is known active.

Deleting history is not a big problem as it is very simple and anyone can do it with some simple steps. To delete the history on Firefox just open the tools bar then find the option called clear recent history, after clicking on that they will ask you how much history you want to delete like 1 hour, 2 hours 1 week etc. You have to choose according to your need. You will also be asked that which type of history you want to delete like cookies, site preferences, caches or forms and searches etc.

Interesting Facts About The History Of Children ' s Karate

If you ' re thinking of enrolling your kids in karate classes, then you ' re prosaic here to do a little research about the facts of the history, the science and the furthermost extremity effects of children ' s karate. If you ' re still on the fence about kids martial arts in Minneapolis, check out these five facts below.

Karate Has Traditionally Been Taught to Children Since its Inception

Clock the starting purpose of the martial arts was in the denomination of defense, in systemizing defensive doctrine into a school of judging that could be taught, it wasn ' t long before children were being taught these facts as well. Karate has always demanded a kind of discipline and self knowledge that makes for strong development as a child grows.

Karate has Been Used in Children ' s Recuperative Therapy

Kids of all ages who are recuperating from injuries sometimes enlisted in karate classes as a way to recover. The idea is that for them to learn a discipline over their own body, that the principles of the form will rub off on all aspects of their lives and help them gain a fuller control of their own bodies. A child who suffers a broken arm, for instance, would do well to strengthen it with the help of martial arts training.

Shotokan was Developed as a Kid Friendly Martial Art

Shotokan was actually developed in part to teach school children the value of the ethics of karate and to shape them into contributing adults in the east. Shotokan is a style of Karate focused especially on the personal benefits before the martial aspects. While shotokan can be used in self defense, its primary purpose is in self improvement.

Kids who Study Karate Suffer Fewer Injuries in School Sports

Child karate teaches a familiarity with one ' s own body, first and foremost. Your kids may or may not ever have to use their martial arts in self defense, but they will most certainly get some use out of the precision of movement that they learn. Karate teaches you to know yourself, to know your body, and to have a more precise control over yourself than most. This means fewer injuries on the field.

Children Who Study Karate Do Better in School

This is where the discipline takes effect. A child who can master the first three kata in their class in martial arts in Minneapolis will find it easier than a walk in the park to read a couple of books and ace some tests at school.

History Of Zeiss Scopes

A century and a half of history backs the fine optical goods Zeiss has provided through the city of Jena in Germany. Formed by Carl Zeiss and Ernst Abbe in 1855, Zeiss Sight was the prime supplier to found lenses from the practical rules of physics and the motion theory of view.

Throughout the time word of WW2, Zeiss Vision supplied most of the optical equipment persevering by the German military - undifferentiated as periscopes, binoculars, and of course rifle scopes. A pair of Zeiss binoculars were much used by the obloquial German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel, and many hundred WW2 enthusiasts claim to own that very pair of binoculars.

With the split of Germany in the aftermath of the war, Zeiss Optics split into the Carl Zeiss business in Oberkochen, Germany and the Schott Glaswerke in Mainz, Germany. Carl Zeiss maintained management of the the Zeiss business, while Ernst Abbe directed the Glasswerke business. Until 1990, the businesses worked in a largely independent fashion, but within weeks of the reunification of Germany, they united again beneath the banner of Zeiss Germany.

The innovations stemming from Zeiss Optics attracted a significant amount of public and media attention in the scientific realm, with the development of new telescopy and microscopy technological know - how, including significant enhancements to the electron microscope and instruments used in the space probe " Galileo. "

Less apparent and well known, however, were the enhancements Zeiss made to military gear - which includes a number of the very best sniper rifle optics ever developed, and exceptional night vision equipment.

Zeiss scopes offer the same high - quality qualities you expect in a scope; O - ring seals, nitrogen fill for fogproofing, and truly waterproof seals. Additionally, they provide a lifetime transferable guarantee, allowing even secondary owners to hold on to the advantages of Zeiss Optics warranty service.

When it comes to riflescopes, Zeiss offers unparalleled quality; reduced weights, improved fields of vision, and greater ranges of magnification are par for the course in every Zeiss unit.

Kitchen Food Dehydrators - A History Steeped In Piracy

How do you feed a world that is becoming increasingly hungry? This is not a new query and one that according to the Food Perpetuation Troupe from the Department of Nutritional Science at the University of Missouri has been plaguing food engineers for decades if not centuries. According to their research achieving this grand mark cheaply and efficiently on a universal scale is the trial. Food perpetuation through dehydration may retention the explanation to feeding bodies of hungry people. Week the unfolding of food dehydration may be principal, its history over the last several centuries may sway some surprises.

Food drying or dehydrating is believed to be one of the oldest methods of food continuation throughout human history. It allowed hunter - gatherer societies to successfully travel, explore and hunt for different food sources. The development of agriculture was the single, over point that made it possible for mankind to settle in continuing communities and transition from hunter - gatherer nomadic tribes. How to save or preserve these foods for a following date is a whole separate study. Research has showed that the first ancient stable, settled, civilization arose in Mesopotamia and Egypt in the Middle East. The uncovering of dried fruits, grains and dried, salt preserved fish and meat are traced back to over seven thousand years to these first ancient civilizations. Farming eliminated the constant need to search for food and allowed populations to grow through the production of a more stable food source. There are neither volumes of recorded history nor any one source of collected material on food dehydration. However very recent Middle Eastern archeological digs have un - earthed food samples which research determined to have been dried foods originating in ancient Jericho over 4000 years ago. In addition, Old Testament Biblical scholars have been able to isolate bits and pieces of scripture which mention the preservation methods of sun - drying and smoking foods over a hot fire as a means of feeding their people.

For centuries, much of the European diet depended on dried cod, known as salt cod or bacalhau ( with salt ) or stockfish ( without ). It formed the main protein source for the slaves on the West Indian plantations and was major economic force within the trade routes of the day. The next mention of food drying doesnt emerge again until around 1630. At about this time in history a band of French mavericks began appearing up and down the Yucatan peninsula and Caribbean islands. They were known as the buccaneers. The term buccaneer was actually derived from the Caribbean Arawak word buccan which is referencing a wooden frame for smoking meat. The meat of preference at the time was the plentiful, slow moving manatee or sea cow. From this became derived in French the word boucane and hence the name boucanier for French hunters who used their wooden frames to smoke meat from feral cattle and pigs on Hispaniola ( now Haiti and the Dominican Republic ). History of course tells us the rest of the story about the buccaneers. English settlers occupying Jamaica began to spread the name buccaneers with the meaning of ruthless pirates when in reality it was referring to their ability to dry meat. The name became universally adopted later in 1684 when the first English translation of Alexandre Exquemelins book The Buccaneers of America was published.

Along with an amazingly colorful history which includes ancient roots and ruthless piracy, food dehydration is even today on the forefront of cutting edge food engineering and preservation. Todays food dehydrator is a surprisingly simple capsule of modern technology and historical know how. Todays typical kitchen food dehydrator has electronically generated air flow along with micro - processor governed temperature control. In place of the wood frame on the beach is an amazingly compact, ergonomically designed piece of history that fits snuggly on a kitchen counter. With multiple level trays, even air flow and constant temperature control a person can dehydrate a large volume of fresh fruits, veggies and meats literally over night. The simplicity, efficiency and very low cost of the modern food dehydrator is once again taking center stage in the complex world of food preservation and engineering. Developing nations and countries that have endured natural disasters are re - discovering the practicalities of food dehydration to feed their hungry masses. The buccaneers of yester - year had no idea how their simple practice of meat drying on the beach would become a modern means of feeding a hungry world.

History Of UEFA European Football Championship

Least played in 1960 below the surname of UEFA European Nations Cup, the conception of this popular European football band was first suggested by Henri Delaunay in 1927 who was a part of French Football Unanimity. Yet in 1960, his fantasy tainted into reality and the tournament was under contract in France. In his account, the tournament trophy was named as Henri Deluanay Trophy. 17 teams participated out of which three teams did not played - West Germany, England and Italy. Among the 14 remaining teams, USSR made its way into the final and won the primeval tournament trophy by outsmarting Yugoslavia by 2 - 1.

Next that, the place name of this tournament was changed to European Football Championship in 1968 and then since 1992, this tournament became popular as Euro. Censurable once in every four elderliness; statistical reports sight that this is the interrogation most popular sports tournament in the world beside Olympic Games and World Cup. Accordingly far, 13 tournaments had been played and this Euro 2012 is the 14th call. Germany is the most successful team in this tournament who had been in the final six times and won championship title three times.

In 1964, Spain was the host of the tournament with 29 teams participating in the tournament. The host succeeded in bagging the championship title by defeating the last time champion USSR by 2 - 1.

In 1968, the tournament name was reframed but the format remained same with two new teams. Held in Italy, the championship title also went to the host country when they defeated Yugoslavia in a replay match by 2 - 0. The most notable incident in that year was a coin toss to decide a semi - final match. This coin toss was the first and the only time incident in Euro history.

Belgium was the host in 1972 when West Germany ( now Germany ) won the final beating Soviet Union by 3 - 0.

1976 tournament was held in Yugoslavia and that was the final year to put an end for two things - host team had to be in the final and four teams qualifying in the final. That year is also notable for the newly introduced penalty shootout. Czechoslovakia won the final.

The next tournament in 1980 was organized in a new format in Italy. The concept of group came up and eight teams participated with winners of each group getting into the play - offs and then to the final. West Germany won once again and this was their second championship title.

In 1984, the concept of semi - final also emerged which gave totally a new format to this tournament. France won the tournament by smashing Spain in 2 - 0. Michel Platini was then the Captain of France who was an impressive player of the tournament. He scored 9 goals in 5 matches.

The two times champion, West Germany hosted the 1988 tournament where Netherlands defeated the host to win the championship title. This year is still considered as a glorious year in football history because Marco van Basten made a spectacular goal over the goalkeeper straight from the right wing.

Then in Sweden in 1992 when European Football Championship became Euro 1992 for the first time! Denmark won the league by defeating unified Germany by 2 - 0. Yugoslavia was not allowed to participate in the tournament that year as they were in a state of war.

16 teams participated in UEFA Euro 1996which was organized in England. Germany ousted newly - formed state Czech Republic by 2 - 1 and bagged another championship trophy for the third time. But for unified Germany, this was the first time.

Belgium and Netherlands were the host for Euro 2000 when France was the emperor of football. As expected by the entire world, France once more succeeded in retaining their position as champion when they defeated Italy by 2 - 1.

The championship trophy of UEFA Euro 2004, held in Portugal, was won by Greece who defeated the host team by 1 - 0 in the final.

Switzerland and Austria, again two countries hosted UEFA Euro 2008 where Spain defeated Germany by 1 - 0 in the final to become the champion.

Finally 2012! This year Ukraine and Poland will host the tournament where 16 teams are participating from four groups, each group having four teams. Czech Republic, Greece, Poland and Russia are from Group A, Denmark, Germany, Portugal and Holland are from Group B, Croatia, Spain, Italy and Ireland are from Group C and England, France, Sweden and Ukraine are from Group D. This exciting tournament will start on June 8, 2012 and will continue till July 1, 2012.

History of Valentines Day

In different parts of the world, people do not good grant cards; purchase boxes of chocolate, nostalgic candy, or partake in a fancy, romantic function. Trained are many other ways to celebrate.

People in Europe bake valentine buns with caraway seeds, plums, or raisins. People in Italy hold a Valentine ' s Day feast.

In Britain and Italy, some unmarried women predispose up before sunrise on Valentine ' s Day. They stand by the window watching for a man to pass. They swear by that the rudimentary man they witness will be the person they incorporate!

In Denmark, people send pressed white flowers called " Snowdrops " to their friends. Danish men also send a type of valentine called " gaekkebrev ". This is a letter where the sender writes a rhyme but does not sign his name. Instead, he signs the valentine with dots, one dot for each letter of his name. The woman has to guess who the sender was!

Although views on how Valentines Day originated vary, most authorities trace Valentine ' s Day back to an ancient Roman festival called Lupercalia. The ancient Romans held the festival of Lupercalia on February 15. During this celebration, young men struck people with strips of animal hide. Women took the blows because they thought that the whipping made them more fertile.

Thank you, but no thank you on that one. I will take a box of candy any day!

Speaking of candy, when you think of nostalgic candy, you cannot help but think " NECCO ". It has been around since 1847. They are a staple in what we view as nostalgic candy. They have several types of candy still available, such as Clark Bar, Sky Bar, Buttons and Wafers.

What does this have to do with Valentines Day traditions? Have you considered the history of Neccos valentine hearts? These sweet little " I love yous " have been around for more than a century. This company is grounded in our history and has been around so long that Necco started out creating candy by hand. Thus, that is the origin of these classic candies. Valentine hearts are quite old; with legend stating that the tradition of handing out these candied messages of " I love you " dates all the way back to the Civil War.

They have certainly come a long way since then. In 1902, Necco began making their Valentines Hearts in a factory. They have many different sayings now ( in fact they have manufactured over one hundred different sayings ). What are some of the favorites? They include " kiss me ", " sweet talk ", and " be mine ".

They do change the mottos, and some have been discontinued because they become outdated. For example, " Dig me " is now an antiquated saying, though very popular to the 1960s generation. They also have to be careful of offensive or distasteful language, which is why they discontinued " You are gay ". Sayings come, and sayings go, but the heart of the matter is still the same

Important Review of the Isagenix MLM Late History

In yesterday ' s article, I gave a general outline from the early history of the community advertising assembling, Isagenix, in prolongation of the Isagenix Assessment ( if you have not read the overall assessment, desistance correct now and wavelength within the previous Isagenix Assessment link ). From its early opening, expert was rapid growing in this overall health and wellness business that could be attributed on the leaders and the management, the merit from the goods and / or the outburst from the self - compelling distributors. With this deduction, we will proceed forward upright here with all the Isagenix history from 2003 forward, remembering that your the majority of essential consideration in suite marketing is to meeting place on constructing your coterie, an endeavor that ' s made possible solely by supplying control and methods for your side to become as productive as is possible.

Early in to the leading bout of existence, Isagenix extended to 30 employees and certified a medical advisory board to experiment to augmentation the credibility of the company coming from a product or service perspective. This particular board included doctors and nutritionists and ended up being highlighted by John Gray, Ph. D., where he went on to author several books promoting the items and appeared at national conferences. With this particular kind of specialist panel, you still require for being cautious of the claims made and exactly what their intentions are, especially if they are conducting " in house " studies as these types of can end up being heavily biased to achieve the ends of the business.

In 2004, Isagenix moved right into a fresh 62 thousand square foot facility in Chandler, Arizona, which went with the increase in customer assistance, warehouse space and overall company management capacity. Also in that year, a magazine was created, Isagenix for Life, which is actually offered for the Associates of Isagenix to provide them with updates and marketing ideas, this particular magazine released coincided with several new products lines and also the introduction of the partnership using the philanthropy program, Childhelp.

In 2005, Isagenix broadened to Puerto Rica and Canada, supplying a nice opportunity for associates to expand their group in these types of countries ( however, recall you still need to expand your community and ' international ' doesn ' t usually mean achievement! ). In order to maintain their fresh growth, they added a few more members within the executive group and introduced two new items, IsaFuel and IsaLean Tomato Soup. By 2006, the business had 116 employees and had accumulated over $200 million in sales since the founding from the organization.

Moving onward coming from here, the company remains to expand, and looks like a solid organization, however, recall that you require for making sure the business fits for you personally, remember that generally overall health and wellness businesses make a few bold boasts that are often hard to support and that the individuals that you simply sign up with ( ie your upline ) have the methods you have to be productive. A little more particularly, in health and overall health network advertising companies, you need to be prepared to present to folks a product or service that numerous are inherently skeptical of and more than that, despite what most companies say, many of these types of items throughout this particular area in network advertising are quite similar and interchangeable. Despite this, that doesn ' t mean they don ' t provide health benefits, just be careful!

Justin is a teacher and researcher specializing in planning and action - oriented strategies to improve your network marketing business. Click here for more information Isagenix Review. Go here if you really want to master it Isagenix Review Bonus.

Knowing The Benefits And History Of Automotive Windshields

Automotive windshields are sizeable pieces of safety glass that are installed on different forms of vehicles. They come disciplined on cars, buses, planes and aligned some motorcycles. The glass used is recurrently lamented. This means the glass was treated with two sheets of hunched glass separated by a sheet of putty before it was glued and sealed down to a window frame.

Windshields were created to protect automobile occupants from environmental elements. It has been used to shelter people from both snow and drizzle. It and protect occupants from the wind and filth that may be in the air. It is practical in keeping out harmful ultraviolet rays since many vehicles come quizzed with a different coating of UV. It is matching to the coating used on standard sunglasses with or wayward the colouring.

When the aboriginal car was created, windshields were created out of pure glass. When the glass is not lamented, it can cause a severe risk to passengers in the celebration of an mistake. It was not until a series of incidents that glass windows were replaced with a material much stronger and safer. With a tougher glass, it would waste into mild little pieces in the conjuncture of an juncture. This would originate far less damage to drivers and passengers.

The anterior lamented windshield was first created in France. It used a cellulose middle layer instead of conventional plastic. The cellulose layer was very effective in holding the two layers of glass together when an accident occurred. It was not until many years later that plastic became a better alternative. The purpose was to ensure that windshields will not break when an accident occurred.

Having windshields on motorcycles is becoming more popular today as people are becoming more socially aware and responsible. A typical windshield is large enough to protect both a person ' s face and torso from carelessly discarded cigarettes. The discarded cigarettes has been a constant problem for bike riders that have to deal with burns and ashes left behind. It can also protect against other air and wind borne elements and debris.

Before, a bike rider had to look over his / her windshield because it did not provide enough clarity. That has all changed and manufactures have created better windshields with better material. Now a good windshield can redirect noise, airflow and low - pressure turbulence. This makes a motorcycle ride more enjoyable and safer since riders reduce the chance of suffering from wind fatigue.

Polycarbonate windshields are currently a new and better material available for automobile owners. Makers of the innovative product have tested it to ensure customers with the best material available that is both chemical and impact resistant. It has been tested under the pressures of steel wool to guarantee the effectiveness in protection and resistance. Optical clarity is also many times better than original lamented glass shields. It is currently only approved in the motorcycle industry but people can still obtain the replacement for other forms of vehicles since it is in compliance with state requirements.

Laminated polycarbonate windshields are made differently from commercial ones more readily available. The layers include a flexible polymer substrate rather than plastic. A chemical and scratch resistant coating is applied with a special adhesive in between two layers of polycarbonate sheets. Each layer is then treated to become transparent for people ' s safety.

Another option that people have is the use of tinted windows to protect from sun glare. The law places heavy restrictions on the use of heavily tinted glass windows. There is a maximum level of tint permitted and exceeding that limit can lead to multiple consequences other than being fined. If necessary for sun glare protection, drivers should consider having the uppermost part of their window more noticeably tinted.

Thermal glass has also been used in the past. This was a popular option before the invention of navigational systems. As of now, thermal glass can potential prevent many navigational systems from working because the metal embedded into the glass blocks the signal communication between a satellite and the device. People that have thermal glass can decide to buy an external antenna for their device to resolve this particular issue.

Automotive windshields have come a long way in history. They have evolved and changed to adapt to the needs of people overtime. People can obtain greater benefits if they properly accommodate their vehicles to adapt to their particular needs. Custom and special applications can be done to automobiles as long as they do not violate the law or the maximum restrictions.

History of YouTube

YouTube Inc. was founded by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen and Jawed Karim in February 2005 in San Bruno, California. They all met instant working at PayPal, Chen and Karim as engineers and designer Chad. According to Hurley and Chen, the notion of YouTube came at the difficulties experienced in laborious to share videos taken during a tailgating San Francisco. This anecdote has been considered a simple simplified fairy tale, and Chen has recognized that this abstraction can be promoted by the must to present a incomplex beat to the marketplace. Karim verbal that the festive occasion never happened, and that the thought of sharing Internet cd was his. His colleagues have stated that the clambake did happen, and Karim ' s first-hand image was to contrive a dating site where people could be classified based on their videos. Karim acknowledges having been influenced by a dating site called HotorNot. com ( ' " Sweltry or Not ' ), where users could upload pictures of themselves, which were then rated by other users.

The domain was activated on February 15, 2005, and 23 April was the primordial tape uploaded, Me at the Zoo ( " I at the zoo ' ). In the spring YouTube went online. However, developers fast realized that users were carrying all sorts of videos, embarkation behind the primitive conception. Traffic soared as people began to put YouTube links in their MySpace pages. The rapid heightening of the site occupied Time Warner and Sequoia Capital, which invested in it. After that in October 2005, the company placed a Nike spot featuring Ronaldinho, large companies began to feel attracted by YouTube. In 2005, Sequoia had to invest U. S. $ 8. 5 million on the site.

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By December 2005 YouTube pages were visited 50 million times a day. However, after the music video Lazy Sunday, originally broadcast on the show Saturday Night Live, was uploaded to YouTube, visits skyrocketed again to reach the 250 million daily views. By May 2006, according to Alexa. com, YouTube reached 2000 million views a day, and by mid - August had reached 7000 million mark several times, also had become the tenth most visited site in the United States. At that time, the New York Post estimated that YouTube would be worth between 600 and 1000 million U. S. dollars. MySpace. com and Google published their own versions of YouTube, but without success.

In October 2006 YouTube offices remained in San Mateo County, located on the second floor of a building, and had about 60 employees. An executive of Universal Music Group recently announced that " YouTube owed tens of millions of dollars " for violation of copyright. Mark Cuban, co - founder of Broadcast. com, an Internet radio service purchased by Yahoo in 1999, a month earlier had declared that " only a fool would buy YouTube for potential legal problems that face. " However, site owners were already committed with Warner Music to improve service, so that could detect more quickly when a video of his property was uploaded to the site. However, earlier this month published a report in the Wall Street Journal indicating that Google was buying YouTube for U. S. $ 1600 million. This information was initially denied by YouTube and Google, which described it as hearsay.

Offices YouTube, San Bruno, California, after its purchase by Google.

That same month, Google bought YouTube for $ 1650 million dollars in stock. At the time of purchase 100 million videos on YouTube were displayed and 65 thousand new videos were added daily. In addition, some 72 million people visiting per month. Hurley and Chen held their positions, like the 67 employees at that time worked in the company. In the days before, YouTube has signed two agreements with Universal Music Group and CBS, and Google had signed agreements with Sony BMG and Warner Music to distribute music videos.

By June 2008 38 % of videos viewed in Internet came from YouTube, the closest competitor came to represent only 4 %. Although Google did not reveal the figures, it was estimated that the site generated U. S. $ 200 million that year. In that month, an announcement on the YouTube home page daily cost $ 175, 000, and the customer must commit to spending 50, 000 additional dollars on ads on Google or other pages on YouTube. However, because the content of the vast majority of YouTube videos did not attract advertisers, ad prices collapsed. YouTube proceeded to put pressure on movie studios and television to produce quality video content, and gave them prominent channels, which announcements could present premieres of short films and television. Also came to place ads before the start of a video, but then discovered that 70 % of users left the site before it was over.

YouTube ' s relationship with TV production companies and film has been mixed. Viacom lawsuit against YouTube continues billion for 1000, which started in March 2007 for alleged massive violation of copyright. In addition, Disney signed in late March 2009 an agreement with YouTube, allowing transmission short video of the ABC and ESPN. Disney may submit ads on YouTube with this treatment. In April 2009, Google announced that YouTube signed alliances with some Hollywood studios that the site could show television and full movies. In January 2010, launches YouTube Rentals, an online video store service with full - length movies which can be viewed instantly after payment.

In recent years, Google has not yet achieved the high traffic effectively converting YouTube into profits, the company has recognized this, but has refused to provide figures. According to a Forbes Magazine article, YouTube will generate $ 240 million in 2009, remaining well below the $ 710 million in operating costs of the site. According to an analyst at Credit Suisse, YouTube would show losses by 470 million U. S. dollars in 2009, however, other companies estimate losses 174. 2 million.

More about videos from YouTube and other video portals you can find on evideo. si web portal.

Video Source: Youtube

Learning History Can Be Fun

Some aptly gawk at the subject of history, fundamentally one should realize that the subject has a lot to approach and is fairly fun once you vouchsafe it a chance. World history is a subject that entwines all of society, not pure a particular country or civilization. With like denotation in wisdom, History software is now provided through the Internet to lift people savvy more about the field of study and enlighten them of our human former. If you are symmetry to download history software, whether it be US history software or world history software, here are some compelling reasons as to why learning History is hence much fun:

Early, you are given the chance to know who you are ethnically. Study of world history is the most expansive and most searchable accession to the inquiry of who you are as both people and members of the society. Discovering how mankind has evolved since our primitive ancestors walked the face of the earth is the best way to grasp the question of what makes us special or different from other people with different ethnic background as well as other living organisms in the planet. US history software instills knowledge to us regarding what is unique about a certain part of the world and its people. World history software, on the other hand, tackles the unique attributes of human beings and how man ' s way of thinking, behavior and social interaction have evolved over the course of time.

Second, learning History can be fun as it prepares you to live within the vast society of the world. World history assists in the preparation and honing of young people for their college studies, foreign experiences and proactive involvement in civic life. The subject helps people prepare for the future roles they will inevitably be playing in society as both a citizen of the country, citizen of the world and a part of the society. What is called a global citizen is simply an indigenous who is well aware and cares regarding the history and contemporaries of all mankind. It is also a person who can, in some level, think, speak and write regarding the worldly problems and issues with intelligence and confidence.

Learning world history also instills cultural literacy within a worldwide scale. World history significantly devotes to mankind ' s cultural literacy. As compared with other living species, mankind has the distinct attribute of language, which is, symbolic thoughts and interaction. This depicts that the subject of world history also offers us the capacity to learn and share knowledge to one another and to convey information from one generation to the next. Interacting intellectually in any particular language, whether it be English, Chinese, Japanese, French, necessitates that we share a collective pool of information, vocabulary and idealistic tools.

Overall, making world history one of the core subjects in education will help expand that pool of knowledge that humans share with one another. It will support us in speaking and writing to each other in clearer and more complex means.

Long Jump History - Ancient To Modern Olympics

Long jump history arches back thousands of dotage to the ancient Olympic Games in Greece. In those days it was a part of the pentathlon affair, and this makes it one of the oldest passage and field events and the oldest jumping appearance in athletics.

The beginning Olympics were a competition and training ground for warriors. The transaction was created and included in the Olympics over it was deemed important for warriors to be agile and able to avoid obstacles related as leaping across ditches or streams.

At first the athletes were required to carry a weight in each hand that was between 1 and 4. 5 kilos while running. These were called halteres and they were used to gain momentum with when you were at the point of making the leap. The pit that was originally used was not filled with sand as it is today, but was merely a pit of tilled earth.

It is thought due to witness reports of the Olympics in Greece that the longjump was accompanied by music, which was used to give the athlete some rhythm into the jump while running with their weights. It was thought that the representations of long jump at Ancient Greece were in fact a triple jump, but it has been shown that the event was what we know as long jump.

When the modern Olympics were started in 1896, the winner of the first long jump gold medal was Ellery Clark who jumped 6. 35 meters. Another milestone in the history of the event was the world record set in 1935 by Jesse Owens who jumped 8. 13 meters. This record would stay in place for 25 years until it was broken in 1960. The current longjump world record is 8. 95 meters in the men ' s event and 7. 52 meters in the women ' s. The women ' s record has been in place for more than 20 years.

Long jump history goes back thousands of years and today it is still a popular track and field event, which is popular for athletes of all ages.

Internet Explorer History Location

You know what the Web ( WWW ) means: all web sites that we have created with texts, links, pictures, scripts, videos, search boxes, etc. on them and you know that these web sites are a part of the Internet - the universal system of interconnected computers.

These days, I made some searches through Internet to good buy if uniform notion as web history ( not history as the creation and the development of WWW ) but history as browsing history and URL history crop up for model.

My search showed: No Effect. Ergo, I decided to will to this concept a new meaning that includes the typed URL history, the browsing history, the AutoComplete history, etc. of each web site in Internet.

So, What kinds of Web History are there?

First, you have to know that each browser gathers and shows the data ( as text, links, credit card info, visited domains, preferences, etc. ) of web sites where you have been. These data also are called:

* Browsing history: The browsers remember all web pages that you visit on the Internet and even some folders on your own PC under the name browsing history.

* Typed URL history: This URL history is a special history composed by all web site addresses that you typed directly in the address bar of your browser, Windows Explorer and Run dialog.

* AutoComplete history: These are entries you ' ve made for Web forms ( including your name, e - mail, SSN, credit card information ) and passwords.

* Wininet credentials history: This browser feature remembers the user names and passwords, used on the secure web sites ( i. e. the sites that pop up a small dialog window, asking you for your user name and password in order to log in ).

* Search history: It is the list of recently searched words from the Search Bar of a browser. This history is obvious privacy threat because anybody with an easy access to your computer ( colleagues, friends, family member for instance ) can see your searches.

* Download history: By default the integrated download manager of the browsers remembers the names and locations of downloaded files for very long time.

Where to see my IE History Files Location?

Use your Internet Explorer or Windows Explorer to see the web history stored on your computer:

* Internet Explorer 6 History Location in Windows XP

Open View - > Explorer Bar - > History

* Internet Explorer 7 History Location in Windows XP

Open View - > Explorer Bar - > History

* IE 8 History Location in Windows XP and Windows 7

Click on the little blue arrow to see recent history.

History of the Hummer

The Hummer that most know and spot began as a simple different type vehicle. Designed for the military by AM General Multinational, AMCs Jeep General Wares division, the virgin Towering Locomotion Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle or Dart - Vee for short, came with many different military grade options. Some of these options included the eye turrets, radar, directional microwave crowd manipulation, armor plating and troop carriers. Instant primarily built for the military, AM General had previously planned to market a civilian model.

Advertising the Hummer, which was the moniker for the civilian silhouette of vehicle, was never an issue. When twin Rush - Vees were dogged from London to Beijing in 1990, ESPN was crack to broadcast the rub in of the journey. This publicity combined with that recognized when the Buzz - Vee played a precise active role in Scorched Storm was all that was needed to have the public clamoring to strike their hands on the newest off road toy.

AM General had no trouble converting the military based vehicle to a civilian model. Soon AM General was received orders for special order models. The most famous of these was that AM General converted for use in and around the Arctic Circle and for use in the Antarctic. It was given caterpillar tracks for use in the snow, a redesigned rear compartment and an engine designed specifically for use in bitterly cold climates. It was nicknamed the Snow - Vee.

The name for the civilian version was officially changed to Hummer H1 in 1992 when it went on sell to the public for the first time.

By the 1990s the public was completely infatuated with the large heavy - duty vehicles and Hummers began appearing regularly in popular culture. Some of the most notable include the show CSI: Miami in which the crime lab Lt Horatio Cain drives one during the sixth season. They have also been featured on the big screen as well. In the 2007 Transformers movie, one of the Autobots transforms into a search and rescue Hummer H2.

There have been 3 - generation designs so far and each one is classed numerically. The first generation is known as the Hummer H1, the second is the Hummer H2 and the third generation was given the designation Hummer H3.

The Hummer has developed somewhat of a cult following and car clubs have popped up across the country. Because the Hummer has such heavy - duty capabilities, they have been used in many humanitarian efforts in disaster situations. So much so that the owners have formed Hummer Owners Prepared for Emergencies ( Hope ). General Motors, who now owns the brand name, worked with the Red Cross and donated 4 million dollars to train Hummer owners with CPR and first aid skills as well as basic off road safety driving skills so that they could assist as first responders in disaster situations.

Unfortunately, as much as some love the Hummer, others hate it. Because of the size and weight of the vehicle, the Hummer has exceptional poor fuel economy. Poor ecological perceptions by many have led to heavy criticism and the hummer has been singled out on more than one occasion as a symbol of reckless endangerment of the environment.